ExcitingAds!
ExcitingAds! Search

Directory A-B C-E F-H I-K L-N O-Q R-T U-W X-Z

ExcitingAds! HowStuffWorks.com: Civil War - RSS

↑ Grab this Headline Animator

 

 

Site Map

 

 
Civil War Officer Hat Cord
This Civil War Officer Hat Cord has as silver finish with black tips. One Size Fits Most
Price: 11.99


1000 4 Aces w/Denominations Poker Chips in Acrylic Carrier
These 1000 Chips are 39 mm diameter casino sized chips are 11.5 grams in weight. They are produced from a composite resin and an insert that gives them the weight feel of a heavy casino quality chip.

What makes them unique however is the high quality graphic that is embedded as part of the chip. This graphic is NOT a sticker and will never peel or show any kind of lift from the chip. The graphic is part of the chip!

All chips have a colorful image of a 4-of-a-kind poker hand in aces surrounding the denomination. Each denomination is a slightly different label color matching the color of the chips' stripes.

The best part about these chips is that they already have the denominations on them. There are 14 different denominations in this chip series including 5 cents 10 cents 25 cents 50 cents $1 $5 $10 $25 $50 $100 $500 $1000 $5000 and $10000. Play your No Limit Hold'Em games and all your other high stakes casino games with these chips! Or play low stakes games too. These chips are very flexible for any game.

The detail on these chips is flawless and their unique design makes them great for casinos and homestyle play alike.

And as used in casinos all over the world this handy 1000 chip carrying case makes it easy to transport chips all over your casino or gaming room and allows for fast and easy chip access during those crucial gaming moments.

Constructed of thick durable clear acrylic this sturdy reinforced case will hold 10 chip trays neatly stacked for a total of 1000 poker chips. The top easily slides off and a comfortable handle makes it easy to carry and move around. The dimensions are roughly 10"L x 8 "W x 13 "H.

The color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.

C Copyright 2004 All Rights Reserved

These poker chips are copyright protected and registered with the U.S. Copyright office and are only available through us the manufacturer or our authorized dealers. It is unlawful for any of our competitors to sell a copy of this chip's style or characteristics. Therefore this chip will not be widely available in any form except through our warehouse. These valuable chips are rare and will maintain or increase in value throughout the years.
Price: 259.29



1000 11.5g 4 Aces Poker Chip Set w/Aluminum Case

Four Aces are the latest edition to our Poker Chip Collection. These chips have several great characteristics that help to separate them from the standard style of poker chips.

These 39 mm diameter casino sized chips are 11.5 grams in weight. They are produced from a composite resin and an insert that gives them the weight feel of a heavy casino quality chip.

What makes them unique however is the high quality graphic that is embedded as part of the chip. This graphic is NOT a sticker and will never peel or show any kind of lift from the chip. The graphic is part of the chip!

All chips have a colorful image of a 4-of-a-kind poker hand in aces surrounding the denomination. Each denomination is a slightly different label color matching the color of the chips' stripes.

The best part about these chips is that they already have the denominations on them. There are 14 different denominations in this chip series including 5 cents 10 cents 25 cents 50 cents $1 $5 $10 $25 $50 $100 $500 $1000 $5000 and $10000. Play your No Limit Hold'Em games and all your other high stakes casino games with these chips! Or play low stakes games too. These chips are very flexible for any game.

The detail on these chips is flawless and their unique design makes them great for casinos and homestyle play alike.

These chip cases will offer the most protection for your investment. They are made of heavy duty yet lightweight aluminum available in brilliant silver. The interior is black felt with space for 1000 chips. Don't be fooled by lower quality items. We have taken great care to ensure this case has the upgraded strength where required.

This is the chip case that will last a lifetime.

The color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.



C Copyright 2004 All Rights Reserved

These poker chips are copyright protected and registered with the U.S. Copyright office and are only available through us the manufacturer or our authorized dealers. It is unlawful for any of our competitors to sell a copy of this chip's style or characteristics. Therefore this chip will not be widely available in any form except through our warehouse. These valuable chips are rare and will maintain or increase in value throughout the years.
Price: 228.56



300 11.5g 4 Aces Poker Chip Set w/Aluminum Case

Four Aces are the latest edition to our Poker Chip Collection. These chips have several great characteristics that help to separate them from the standard style of poker chips.

These 39 mm diameter casino sized chips are 11.5 grams in weight. They are produced from a composite resin and an insert that gives them the weight feel of a heavy casino quality chip.

What makes them unique however is the high quality graphic that is embedded as part of the chip. This graphic is NOT a sticker and will never peel or show any kind of lift from the chip. The graphic is part of the chip!

All chips have a colorful image of a 4-of-a-kind poker hand in aces surrounding the denomination. Each denomination is a slightly different label color matching the color of the chips' stripes.

The best part about these chips is that they already have the denominations on them. There are 14 different denominations in this chip series including 5 cents 10 cents 25 cents 50 cents $1 $5 $10 $25 $50 $100 $500 $1000 $5000 and $10000. Play your No Limit Hold'Em games and all your other high stakes casino games with these chips! Or play low stakes games too. These chips are very flexible for any game.

The detail on these chips is flawless and their unique design makes them great for casinos and homestyle play alike.

Your Chips will be protected in this aluminum case. It will provide the most protection for your investment. It is made of heavy duty yet lightweight aluminum available in brilliant silver. The interior is green velour with space for 300 chips 2 decks of cards and 5 dice. The handles are are securely riveted for long lasting use.

This is the chip case that will last a lifetime.

We have INCLUDED IN THIS SET 2 DECKS of CARDS and 5 DICE "Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any time."



The color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.



C Copyright 2006 All Rights Reserved

These poker chips are copyright protected and registered with the U.S. Copyright office and are only available through us the manufacturer or our authorized dealers. It is unlawful for any of our competitors to sell a copy of this chip's style or characteristics. Therefore this chip will not be widely available in any form except through our warehouse. These valuable chips are rare and will maintain or increase in value throughout the years.
Price: 75.23



300 11.5g 4 Aces Poker Chip Set w/Genuine Oak Case

Four Aces are the latest edition to our Poker Chip Collection. These chips have several great characteristics that help to separate them from the standard style of poker chips.

These 39 mm diameter casino sized chips are 11.5 grams in weight. They are produced from a composite resin and an insert that gives them the weight feel of a heavy casino quality chip.

What makes them unique however is the high quality graphic that is embedded as part of the chip. This graphic is NOT a sticker and will never peel or show any kind of lift from the chip. The graphic is part of the chip!

All chips have a colorful image of a 4-of-a-kind poker hand in aces surrounding the denomination. Each denomination is a slightly different label color matching the color of the chips' stripes.

The best part about these chips is that they already have the denominations on them. There are 14 different denominations in this chip series including 5 cents 10 cents 25 cents 50 cents $1 $5 $10 $25 $50 $100 $500 $1000 $5000 and $10000. Play your No Limit Hold'Em games and all your other high stakes casino games with these chips! Or play low stakes games too. These chips are very flexible for any game.

The detail on these chips is flawless and their unique design makes them great for casinos and homestyle play alike.

This set includes a beautiful OAK chip carrying case holds 300 casino chips. There are three individual 100 chip trays that are removable from the master case. The interior is also lined with felt.

The hardware is made of solid brass. The handle is also produced from OAK.

We have INCLUDED IN THIS SET 2 DECKS of CARDS "Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any time."



.

The color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.



C Copyright 2004 All Rights Reserved

These poker chips are copyright protected and registered with the U.S. Copyright office and are only available through us the manufacturer or our authorized dealers. It is unlawful for any of our competitors to sell a copy of this chip's style or characteristics. Therefore this chip will not be widely available in any form except through our warehouse. These valuable chips are rare and will maintain or increase in value throughout the years.
Price: 90.82



400 11.5g 4 Aces Poker Chip Set w/Executive Aluminum Case

Four Aces are the latest edition to our Poker Chip Collection. These chips have several great characteristics that help to separate them from the standard style of poker chips.

These 39 mm diameter casino sized chips are 11.5 grams in weight. They are produced from a composite resin and an insert that gives them the weight feel of a heavy casino quality chip.

What makes them unique however is the high quality graphic that is embedded as part of the chip. This graphic is NOT a sticker and will never peel or show any kind of lift from the chip. The graphic is part of the chip!

All chips have a colorful image of a 4-of-a-kind poker hand in aces surrounding the denomination. Each denomination is a slightly different label color matching the color of the chips' stripes.

The best part about these chips is that they already have the denominations on them. There are 13 different denominations in this chip series including 5 cents 10 cents 25 cents 50 cents $1 $5 $10 $25 $50 $100 $500 $1000 $5000 and $10000. Play your No Limit Hold'Em games and all your other high stakes casino games with these chips! Or play low stakes games too. These chips are very flexible for any game.

The detail on these chips is flawless and their unique design makes them great for casinos and homestyle play alike.

Your Chips will be protected in this aluminum case. This chip case will offer you the most protection for your investment and feature the best look. It is produced from the finest aircraft aluminum and reinforced throughout and yet it is lightweight. The interior is black felt with space for 400 chips and 2 decks of cards.

This is the chip case that will last a lifetime.

We have INCLUDED IN THIS SET 2 DECKS of CARDS. ."Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any time."



The color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.



C Copyright 2004 All Rights Reserved

These poker chips are copyright protected and registered with the U.S. Copyright office and are only available through us the manufacturer or our authorized dealers. It is unlawful for any of our competitors to sell a copy of this chip's style or characteristics. Therefore this chip will not be widely available in any form except through our warehouse. These valuable chips are rare and will maintain or increase in value throughout the years.
Price: 104.66



500 11.5g 4 Aces Poker Chip Set w/Aluminum Case

Four Aces are the latest edition to our Poker Chip Collection. These chips have several great characteristics that help to separate them from the standard style of poker chips.

These 39 mm diameter casino sized chips are 11.5 grams in weight. They are produced from a composite resin and an insert that gives them the weight feel of a heavy casino quality chip.

What makes them unique however is the high quality graphic that is embedded as part of the chip. This graphic is NOT a sticker and will never peel or show any kind of lift from the chip. The graphic is part of the chip!

All chips have a colorful image of a 4-of-a-kind poker hand in aces surrounding the denomination. Each denomination is a slightly different label color matching the color of the chips' stripes.

The best part about these chips is that they already have the denominations on them. There are 14 different denominations in this chip series including 5 cents 10 cents 25 cents 50 cents $1 $5 $10 $25 $50 $100 $500 $1000 $5000 and $10000. Play your No Limit Hold'Em games and all your other high stakes casino games with these chips! Or play low stakes games too. These chips are very flexible for any game.

The detail on these chips is flawless and their unique design makes them great for casinos and homestyle play alike.

Your Chips will be protected in this aluminum case. It will provide the most protection for your investment. It is made of heavy duty yet lightweight aluminum available in brilliant silver. The interior is black velour with space for 500 chips 2 decks of cards and 3 buttons. The handles are are securely riveted for long lasting use.

This is the chip case that will last a lifetime.

We have INCLUDED IN THIS SET 2 DECKS of CARDS and 3 BUTTONS - dealer big blind and little blind "Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any time."

The color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.

C Copyright 2004 All Rights Reserved

These poker chips are copyright protected and registered with the U.S. Copyright office and are only available through us the manufacturer or our authorized dealers. It is unlawful for any of our competitors to sell a copy of this chip's style or characteristics. Therefore this chip will not be widely available in any form except through our warehouse. These valuable chips are rare and will maintain or increase in value throughout the years.
Price: 123.70



500 11.5g 4 Aces Poker Chip Set w/Genuine Oak Case

Four Aces are the latest edition to our Poker Chip Collection. These chips have several great characteristics that help to separate them from the standard style of poker chips.

These 39 mm diameter casino sized chips are 11.5 grams in weight. They are produced from a composite resin and an insert that gives them the weight feel of a heavy casino quality chip.

What makes them unique however is the high quality graphic that is embedded as part of the chip. This graphic is NOT a sticker and will never peel or show any kind of lift from the chip. The graphic is part of the chip!

All chips have a colorful image of a 4-of-a-kind poker hand in aces surrounding the denomination. Each denomination is a slightly different label color matching the color of the chips' stripes.

The best part about these chips is that they already have the denominations on them. There are 14 different denominations in this chip series including 5 cents 10 cents 25 cents 50 cents $1 $5 $10 $25 $50 $100 $500 $1000 $5000 and $10000. Play your No Limit Hold'Em games and all your other high stakes casino games with these chips! Or play low stakes games too. These chips are very flexible for any game.

The detail on these chips is flawless and their unique design makes them great for casinos and homestyle play alike.

This set includes a beautiful OAK chip carrying case holds 500 casino chips. There are five individual 100 chip trays that are removable from the master case. The interior is also lined with felt.

The hardware is made of solid brass. The handle is also produced from OAK.

We have INCLUDED IN THIS SET 2 DECKS of CARDS. "Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any time."



The color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.



C Copyright 2004 All Rights Reserved

These poker chips are copyright protected and registered with the U.S. Copyright office and are only available through us the manufacturer or our authorized dealers. It is unlawful for any of our competitors to sell a copy of this chip's style or characteristics. Therefore this chip will not be widely available in any form except through our warehouse. These valuable chips are rare and will maintain or increase in value throughout the years.
Price: 140.70



650 11.5g 4 Aces Poker Chip Set w/Executive Aluminum Case

Four Aces are the latest edition to our Poker Chip Collection. These chips have several great characteristics that help to separate them from the standard style of poker chips.

These 39 mm diameter casino sized chips are 11.5 grams in weight. They are produced from a composite resin and an insert that gives them the weight feel of a heavy casino quality chip.

What makes them unique however is the high quality graphic that is embedded as part of the chip. This graphic is NOT a sticker and will never peel or show any kind of lift from the chip. The graphic is part of the chip!

All chips have a colorful image of a 4-of-a-kind poker hand in aces surrounding the denomination. Each denomination is a slightly different label color matching the color of the chips' stripes.

The best part about these chips is that they already have the denominations on them. There are 14 different denominations in this chip series including 5 cents 10 cents 25 cents 50 cents $1 $5 $10 $25 $50 $100 $500 $1000 $5000 and $10000. Play your No Limit Hold'Em games and all your other high stakes casino games with these chips! Or play low stakes games too. These chips are very flexible for any game.

The detail on these chips is flawless and their unique design makes them great for casinos and homestyle play alike.

Your Chips will be protected in this aluminum case. This chip case will offer you the most protection for your investment and feature the best look. It is produced from the finest aircraft aluminum and reinforced throughout and yet it is lightweight. The interior is black felt with space for 650 chips and 2 decks of cards and features a space for your holdem dealer button.

This is the chip case that will last a lifetime.

We have INCLUDED IN THIS SET 2 DECKS of CARDS and a Dealer Button. "Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any time."



The color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.



C Copyright 2004 All Rights Reserved

These poker chips are copyright protected and registered with the U.S. Copyright office and are only available through us the manufacturer or our authorized dealers. It is unlawful for any of our competitors to sell a copy of this chip's style or characteristics. Therefore this chip will not be widely available in any form except through our warehouse. These valuable chips are rare and will maintain or increase in value throughout the years.
Price: 157.81



Poker Chip Gift Set - 100 Chips Plus More!

POKER CHIP GIFT SET

This beautiful OAK chip carrying case holds 100 casino chips.

The hardware is made of solid brass.

The inside of the case is lined with green colored felt.

This is a very nice case and well worth the money.

This case also comes with 2 decks of brand new standard playing cards plus 5 poker dice that are marked with a 9 10 Jack Queen King & Ace. Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any time

These 39 mm diameter casino sized chips are 9 grams in weight and a great for any gaming arena. You can choose from 10 different colors.

This case is very popular as a gift set for groups such as Wedding Parties and Corporate Events!
Price: 22.08



1000 Super Diamond Chips in ALUM Case
These 1000 Casino Clay Composite Poker Chips with ALUMINUM carrying case are great for any party.

These are the real thing a 9-Gram clay composite chip. These chips feel good when you hold them. When they splash the pot you will know by the sound you have a quality chip. Great for blackjack roulette or any gaming arena.

Your Chips will be protected in this aluminum case. It will provide the most protection for your investment. It is made of heavy duty yet lightweight aluminum available in brilliant silver. The interior is black felt with space for 1000 chips. The handles are securely riveted for long lasting use.

This is the chip case that will last a lifetime.

The color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.
Price: 105.36



200 Super Diamond Poker Chips w/Clear Cover Aluminum Case
These 200 Casino Clay Composite Poker Chips with carrying case are great for any party.

These are the real thing a 9-Gram clay composite chip. These chips feel good when you hold them. When they splash the pot they give the sound of quality chips. Great for blackjack roulette or any gaming arena.

This handy chip case has the durability of an aluminum chip case and includes a clear scratch-resistant plexiglass cover to easily view the contents of the case. The case is produced from the finest aircraft aluminum and reinforced throughout and yet it is lightweight. The interior is green felt with space for 200 chips 5 dice and 2 decks of cards. Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any time

This is a chip case that will last a lifetime.

The color and quantity shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.

Price: 37.47



300 Super Diamond Poker Chips - with Silver Aluminum Case

These 300 Casino Clay Composite Poker Chips with carrying case are great for any party.

These are the real thing a 9-Gram clay composite chip. These chips feel good when you hold them. When they splash the pot they give the sound of quality chips. Great for blackjack roulette or any gaming arena.


Your Chips will be protected in this aluminum case. It will provide the most protection for your investment. It is made of heavy duty yet lightweight aluminum available in brilliant silver. The interior is green velour with space for 300 chips 2 decks of cards and 5 dice. Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any time. The handles are are securely riveted for long lasting use.

The color and quantity shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.
Price: 38.27



300 Super Diamond Poker Chips w/Oak Case

300 Piece SUPER DIAMOND Poker Chip Set

Includes a Beautiful OAK Carrying Case

These are the real thing a 9-Gram clay composite chip. These chips feel good when you hold them. When they splash the pot they give the sound of quality chips. Great for blackjack roulette or any gaming arena.

This set includes a beautiful OAK chip carrying case holds 300 casino chips. There are three individual 100 chip trays that are removeable from the master case. The interior is also lined with felt. 2 Decks of cards are included with this set. Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any time

The hardware is made of solid brass. The handle is also produced from OAK.


Price: 53.86



400 Super Diamond Chips in ALUM Case
These 400 Casino Clay Composite Poker Chips with ALUMINUM carrying case are great for any party.

These are the real thing a 9-Gram clay composite chip. These chips feel good when you hold them. When they splash the pot you will know by the sound you have a quality chip. Great for blackjack roulette or any gaming arena.

Your Chips will be protected in this aluminum case. It will provide the most protection for your investment. It is made of heavy duty yet lightweight aluminum available in brilliant silver. The interior is black felt with space for 400 chips and 2 decks of cards. The handles are are securely riveted for long lasting use.

This is a chip case that will last a lifetime.

We have INCLUDED IN THIS SET 2 DECKS of CARDS. Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any time

The color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.
Price: 55.38



500 Super Diamond Chips in ALUM Case
These 500 Casino Clay Composite Poker Chips with ALUMINUM carrying case are great for any party.

These are the real thing a 8-Gram clay composite chip. These chips feel good when you hold them. When they splash the pot you will know by the sound you have a quality chip. Great for blackjack roulette or any gaming arena.

Your Chips will be protected in this aluminum case. It will provide the most protection for your investment. It is made of heavy duty yet lightweight aluminum available in brilliant silver. The interior is black velour with space for 500 chips 2 decks of cards and 3 buttons. The handles are are securely riveted for long lasting use.

This is the chip case that will last a lifetime.

We have INCLUDED IN THIS SET 2 DECKS of CARDS AND 3 BUTTONS - DEALER BIG BLIND AND LITTLE BLIND.

Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any timeThe color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.
Price: 62.10



650 Super Diamond Chips in SilverAluminum Case
These 650 Casino Clay Composite Poker Chips with ALUMINUM carrying case are great for any party.

These are the real thing a 9-Gram clay composite chip. These chips feel good when you hold them. When they splash the pot you will know by the sound you have a quality chip. Great for blackjack roulette or any gaming arena.

Your Chips will be protected in this aluminum case. This chip case will offer you the most protection for your investment and feature the best look. It is produced from the finest aircraft aluminum and reinforced throughout and yet it is lightweight. The interior is black felt with space for 650 chips and 2 decks of cards and features a space for your holdem dealer button..

This is a chip case that will last a lifetime.

We have INCLUDED IN THIS SET 2 DECKS of CARDS as well as a Dealer Button. Playing cards depicted are subject to change without notice. It is at our discretion to replace playing cards with a similar product of equal or higher quality at any time

The color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.
Price: 77.73



1000 pc LUCKY CROWN 11.5g Poker Chip Set in Acrylic Carrier

Lucky Crown Design Chips are the latest edition to our vast Poker Chip Collection. These chips are hot-stampable ready to meet your specific demands for denomination impressions.

With 3 crowns embedded in the edge spots along the chip's outer rim these chips are available in your choice of 5 different colors. Three combinations of dice are also embedded around the chip adding to its decorative flair.

These 39 mm diameter casino sized chips are 11.5 grams in weight. They are produced from a composite resin and an insert that gives them the weight feel of a heavy casino quality chip.

The detail on these chips is flawless and their unique design makes them great for casinos and homestyle play alike.

And as used in casinos all over the world this handy 1000 chip carrying case makes it easy to transport chips all over your casino or gaming room and allows for fast and easy chip access during those crucial gaming moments.

Constructed of thick durable clear acrylic this sturdy reinforced case will hold 10 chip trays neatly stacked for a total of 1000 poker chips. The top easily slides off and a comfortable handle makes it easy to carry and move around. The dimensions are roughly 10"L x 8 "W x 13 "H.

The color and quantity of chips shown are the most popular and have been pre-selected for you however you can make changes per your requirements.

C Copyright 2004 All Rights Reserved


These poker chips are copyright protected and registered with the U.S. Copyright office and are only available through us the manufacturer or our authorized dealers. It is unlawful for any of our competitors to sell a copy of this chip's style or characteristics. Therefore this chip will not be widely available in any form except through our warehouse. These valuable chips are rare and will maintain or increase in value throughout the years.

Price: 229.16



 

War

War is the reciprocal and violent application of force between hostile political entities aimed at bringing about a desired political end-state via armed conflict. In his seminal work, On War, Carl Von Clausewitz calls war the "continuation of political intercourse, carried on with other means."[1] War is an interaction in which two or more militaries have a “struggle of wills”.[2] When qualified as a civil war, it is a dispute inherent to a given society, and its nature is in the conflict over modes of governance rather than sovereignty. War is not considered to be the same as mere occupation, murder or genocide because of the reciprocal nature of the violent struggle, and the organized nature of the units involved.

War is also a cultural entity, and its practice is not linked to any single type of political organisation or society. Rather, as discussed by John Keegan in his “History Of Warfare”, war is a universal phenomenon whose form and scope is defined by the society that wages it. [3] The conduct of war extends along a continuum, from the almost universal tribal warfare that began well before recorded human history, to wars between city states, nations, or empires. A group of combatants and their support is called an army on land, a navy at sea, and air force in the air. Wars may be prosecuted simultaneously in one or more different theatres. Within each theatre, there may be one or more consecutive military campaigns. A military campaign includes not only fighting but also intelligence, troop movements, supplies, propaganda, and other components. Continuous conflict is traditionally called a battle, although this terminology is not always fed to conflicts involving aircraft, missiles or bombs alone, in the absence of ground troops or naval forces.

War is not limited to the human species, as ants engage in massive intra-species conflicts which might be termed warfare. It is theorized that other species also engage in similar behavior, although this is not well documented. [4][5][6]

Contents

[hide]

[edit] History of war

Main article: History of war

Some believe war has always been with us; others stress the lack of clear evidence that war is not in our prehistoric past, and the fact that many peaceful, non-military societies have and still do exist.


Originally, war likely consisted of small-scale raiding. Since the rise of the state some 5000 years ago, military activity has occurred over much of the globe. The advent of gunpowder and the acceleration of technological advances led to modern warfare.

Since the close of the Vietnam War, the ideas expounded by the Prussian military theorist Carl von Clausewitz (1780-1831) have come to thoroughly permeate American military writing, doctrinal, theoretical, and historical. His book On War, first published (as Vom Kriege) in 1832, was adopted as a key text at the Naval War College in 1976, the Air War College in 1978, the Army War College in 1981. It has always been central at the U.S. Army's School for Advanced Military Studies at Leavenworth (founded in 1983). The U.S. Marine Corps's brilliant little philosophical field manual FMFM 1: Warfighting (1989) is essentially a distillation of On War, and the newer Marine Corps Doctrinal Publications (MCDPs, c.1997) are equally reflective of Clausewitz's basic concepts.*1

This is not the first time Clausewitz has been in fashion. Indeed, On War has been the bible of many thoughtful soldiers ever since Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke attributed to its guidance his stunning victories in the wars of German unification (1864, 1866, 1870-71). Nor is it the first time that individual American soldiers and military thinkers have been attracted by his ideas: George Patton, Albert Wedemeyer, and—especially—Dwight Eisenhower were intensely interested in what he had to say.

It is, however, the first time that the American armed forces as institutions have turned to Clausewitz. While the philosopher had insisted that war was "simply the expression of politics by other means," the traditional attitude of American soldiers had been that "politics and strategy are radically and fundamentally things apart. Strategy begins where politics end. All that soldiers ask is that once the policy is settled, strategy and command shall be regarded as being in a sphere apart from politics."*2 The sudden acceptability of Clausewitz in the wake of Vietnam is not difficult to account for, for among the major military theorists only Clausewitz seriously struggled with the sort of dilemma that American military leaders faced in the aftermath of their defeat. Clearly, in what had come to be called in scathing terms a "political war," the political and military components of the American war effort had come unstuck. It ran against the grain of America's military men to criticize elected civilian leaders, but it was just as difficult to take the blame upon themselves. Clausewitz's analysis could not have been more relevant:

The more powerful and inspiring the motives for war,... the more closely will the military aims and the political objects of war coincide, and the more military and less political will war appear to be. On the other hand, the less intense the motives, the less will the military element's natural tendency to violence coincide with political directives. As a result, war will be driven further from its natural course, the political object will be more and more at variance with the aim of ideal war, and the conflict will seem increasingly political in character.*3

When people talk, as they often do, about harmful political influence on the management of war, they are not really saying what they mean. Their quarrel should be with the policy itself, not with its influence.

Vom Kriege (IPA[fɔm ˈkʁiːgə]) is a book on war and military strategy by Prussian general Carl von Clausewitz, written mostly after the Napoleonic wars, between 1816 and 1830, and published posthumously by his wife in 1832. It has been translated into English several times as On War. On War is actually an unfinished work; Clausewitz had set about revising his accumulated manuscripts in 1827, but did not live to finish the task. His wife eventually compiled all the work and the final two chapters Clausewitz never finished.

On War is one of the first books on modern military strategy. This is mainly due to Clausewitz' integration of politics and social and economic issues as some of the most important factors in deciding the outcomes of a war. It is one of the most important treatises on strategy ever written, and is prescribed at various military academies to this day.

Contents

[hide]

[edit] History

Carl von Clausewitz was a Prussian officer among those baffled by how the armies of the French Revolution and Napoleon had changed the nature of war through their ability to motivate the populace and thus unleash war on a greater scale than had previously been the case in Europe. Clausewitz was well educated and had a strong interest in art, science, and education, but he was a professional soldier who spent a considerable part of his life fighting against Napoleon. There is no doubt that the insights he gained from his experiences, combined with a solid grasp of European history, provided much of the raw material for the book. On War represents the compilation of his most cogent observations.

Note: Clausewitz states that Napoleon's tactics were not revolutionary at all and that Napoleonic Warfare did not change anything greatly in military history. The technology of weaponry for the most part remained static, and new strategies weren't developed, but rather Napoleon refurbished old ones, mixing them into one grand strategy.

[edit] Synopsis

The book contains a wealth of historical examples used to illustrate its various concepts. Frederick II of Prussia (the Great) figures prominently for having made very efficient use of the limited forces at his disposal. Napoleon also is a central figure.

Among many strands of thought, three stand out as essential to Clausewitz' concept:

  • War must never be seen as a purpose to itself, but as a means of physically forcing one's will on an opponent ("War is not merely a political act, but also a real political instrument, a continuation of political commerce, a carrying out of the same by other means."[1]).
  • The military objectives in war that support one's political objectives fall into two broad types: "war to achieve limited aims" and war to "disarm” the enemy: “to render [him] politically helpless or militarily impotent."
  • The course of war will tend to favor the party employing more force and resources (a notion extended by Germany's leaders in World War One into "total war"—the pursuit of complete military victory regardless of the political consequences).

Military strategy is a national defence policy implemented by military organisations to pursue desired strategic goals.[1] Derived from the Greek strategos, strategy when it appeared in use during the 18th century[2], was seen in its narrow sense as the "art of the general"[3], 'the art of arrangement' of troops.[4] Military strategy deals with the planning and conduct of campaigns, the movement and disposition of forces, and the deception of the enemy. The father of modern strategic study, Carl von Clausewitz, defined military strategy as "the employment of battles to gain the end of war." Liddell Hart's definition put less emphasis on battles, defining strategy as "the art of distributing and applying military means to fulfil the ends of policy" Hence, both gave the pre-eminence to political aims over military goals, ensuring civilian control of the military.

Contents

[hide]

[edit] Fundamentals

"You must not fight too often with one enemy, or you will teach him all your art of war." Napoleon Bonaparte

Military strategy is the plan and execution of the contest between very large groups of armed adversaries. It involves each opponent's diplomatic, informational, military, and economic resources wielded against the other's resources to gain supremacy or reduce the opponent's will to fight. It is a principle tool to secure the national interest. A contemporary military strategy is developed via military science. [5] It is as old as society itself. It is a subdiscipline of warfare and of foreign policy. In comparison, grand strategy is that strategy of the largest of organizations which are currently the nation state, confederation, or international alliances. Military strategy has its origins before the Battle of the Ten Kings and will endure through the space age. It is larger in perspective than military tactics which is the disposition and maneuver of units on a particular sea or battlefield.[6]

[edit] Background

Military strategy in the 19th century was still viewed as one of a trivium of "arts" or "sciences" that govern the conduct of warfare; the others being tactics, the execution of plans and manœuvering of forces in battle, and logistics, the maintenance of an army. The view had prevailed since the Roman times, and the borderline between strategy and tactics at this time was blurred, and sometimes categorization of a decision is a matter of almost personal opinion. Carnot, during the French Revolutionary Wars thought it simply involved concentration of troops.[7]

The Battle of Siffin, illustration from a 19th century manuscript by Muhammad Rafi Bazil.

Strategy and tactics are closely related and exist on the same continuum.

 

 

Site Map

 

 

Site map

 

ROV ZEUS Gold Coin Glitter Water Globe
SS Republic Coaster Set
Tortoise Bead Earrings
Replica Coin in Sterling Silver Bezel
Dancing Woman Replica
Slide Necklace
Blue China Necklace with Black Bead Center
Square Spirits Bottle - Olive Green /Glass
1861-O State of Louisiana Issue Liberty Seated Half Dollar
SS Republic Gold Coins Print Framed

Privacy Statement Advertise with us All rights reserved ExcitingAds® 1998-2008