Oakley Sunglasses are only available out our Corona, California retail location.
Tired of having to squint while you out on the trail well, these sunglasses by Oakley will help to fix that problem without any optical distortion. The Oakley Flak Jacket features a interchangeable lens designs with unbeatable optical clarity. The Flak Jacket uses Oakley's HYDROPHOBIC™, a permanent lens coating that prevents rain and sweat from building up on the lens. It also repels skin oils and other contaminates, so the lens is smudge resistant and easy to keep clean. It even eliminates static electricity, so dirt and dust particles won’t cling. Choose the nose pads that give you the best fit, two sizes are included with every frame. Oakley’s Three-Point Fit optimizes comfort and holds the lenses in precise optical alignment for superior clarity.
Lightweight O MATTER® for all-day comfort
PLUTONITE® lens material filters out 100% of all UV
Meets ANSI Z87.1 standards for impact protection
Optical clarity exceeds all ANSI Z87.1 standards, and XYZ OPTICS® extends razor-sharp vision all the way to the lens periphery
FLAK JACKET™ has optional lenses with Oakley polarization block glare while maintaining the best optical clarity on the planet
Oakley Sunglasses are only available out our Corona, California retail location.
The Oakley Radar Path is one of the most technically advanced designs ever created for athletes, and it’s optimized for women. It takes all the performance benefits of the original Radar™ frame and shapes them with a streamlined fit that doesn’t stick out at the sides or leave a cheek gap like “guy’s” frames.
The Radar Path uses Oakley’s HIGH DEFINITION OPTICS® (HDO®) and patented POLARIC ELLIPSOID™ geometry to contour the lens around your eyes and give you precise clarity at every angle of view. That means wider, clearer peripheral vision and better side protection. The optics outperform all ANSI Z87.1 standards, and the permanent HYDROPHOBIC™ coating helps keep the lens clean by repelling water, skin oils and dust.
Women's Specific design
Outperforms ANSI Z87.1 standards
Hydrophoic coating repels water, skin oils and dust
Precise clarity with High Definition Optics and Polaric Ellipsoid geometry
Includes two nosepiece sizes to help acheive a better fit
PLUTONITE® lens filter out 100% of all UV, even the kind that can wrinkle the delicate skin around your eyes
Impact resistance meets the torturous standards of ANSI Z87.1 for high velocity and high mass impact
Interchangeable lens design that lets you adapt to the light conditions
Protective SOFT VAULT® case with room for an extra lens included
Oakley Sunglasses are only available out our Corona, California retail location.
The Oakley Half-Jacket features interchangeable lenses, this chameleon lets you adapt instantly to any light condition. Accented with true metal icons, the lightweight O MATTER® frame includes UNOBTAINIUM® earsocks and grip anchors. The open-edge design extends your vertical field of vision, and each set of optional lenses retains the peripheral clarity of XYZ OPTICS®. That’s just one of the patented innovations that give HIGH DEFINITION OPTICS® (HDO®) its unbeatable performance.
Women's Specific design
Precise clarity with High Definition Optics
PLUTONITE® lens filter out 100% of all UV, even the kind that can wrinkle the delicate skin around your eyes
Impact resistance meets the torturous standards of ANSI Z87.1 for high velocity and high mass impact
Interchangeable lens design that lets you adapt to the light conditions
Oakley Sunglasses are only available out our Corona, California retail location.
The Oakley Radar Path features Oakley Hydrophobic, a permanent lens coating that prevents rain and sweat from building up on the lens. It also repels skin oils and other contaminates, so the lens is smudge resistant and easy to keep clean. It even eliminates static electricity, so dirt and dust particles don’t cling to it's surface.
Choose the nosepiece that gives you the best fit, two sizes are included with every frame. In order to keep the lens from fogging up and distorting your vision, the frame geometry creates a cooling flow of air. Pure Plutonite lens material filters out 100% of all UV, and Radar™ meets ANSI Z87.1 standards for impact protection. The semi-rimless design means there’s no frame rim to block downward view. Optical clarity exceeds all ANSI Z87.1 standards, and patented Polaric Ellipsoid geometry extends razor-sharp vision all the way to the lens periphery.
Hydrophobic lens coat repels rain, sweat and skin oils
Oakley Sunglasses are only available out our Corona, California retail location.
The Oakley Radar Path features Oakley Hydrophobic, a permanent lens coating that prevents rain and sweat from building up on the lens. It also repels skin oils and other contaminates, so the lens is smudge resistant and easy to keep clean. It even eliminates static electricity, so dirt and dust particles don’t cling to it's surface.
Choose the nosepiece that gives you the best fit, two sizes are included with every frame. In order to keep the lens from fogging up and distorting your vision, the frame geometry creates a cooling flow of air. Pure Plutonite lens material filters out 100% of all UV, and Radar™ meets ANSI Z87.1 standards for impact protection. The semi-rimless design means there’s no frame rim to block downward view. Optical clarity exceeds all ANSI Z87.1 standards, and patented Polaric Ellipsoid geometry extends razor-sharp vision all the way to the lens periphery. The Oakley Radar is available in 2 different lens coverages.
Hydrophobic lens coat repels rain, sweat and skin oils
Oakley Sunglasses are only available out our Corona, California retail location.
Oakley's Flak Jacket line of sunglasses are are high performance glasses the protect your eyes without distorting or impeding your vision and they feature interchangeable lens designs with unbeatable optical clarity. The Flack Jacket features Oakley HYDROPHOBIC™, a permanent lens coating that prevents rain and sweat from building up on the lens. It also repels skin oils and other contaminates, so the lens is smudge resistant and easy to keep clean. It even eliminates static electricity, so dirt and dust particles won’t cling.
Pure PLUTONITE® lens material filters out 100% of all UV, and the Flack Jacket meets ANSI Z87.1 standards for impact protection and the semi-rimless design means there’s no frame rim to block downward view. Optical clarity exceeds all ANSI Z87.1 standards, and XYZ OPTICS® extends razor-sharp vision all the way to the lens periphery.
Plutonite Lens filter out 100% of all harmful UV rays
Meets ANSI Z87.1 starts for impact protection
Exceeds all ANSI Z87.1 standards for optical clarity
Unbeatable clarity of Oakley’s HIGH DEFINITION OPTICS® (HDO®)
Oakley Sunglasses are only available in our Corona, California retail store.
The Oakley Half-Jacket features interchangeable lenses, this chameleonlets you adapt instantly to any light condition. Accented with truemetal icons, the lightweight O MATTER® frame includes UNOBTAINIUM®earsocks and grip anchors. The open-edge design extends your verticalfield of vision, and each set of optional lenses retains the peripheralclarity of XYZ OPTICS®. That’s just one of the patented innovationsthat give HIGH DEFINITION OPTICS® (HDO®) its unbeatable performance.
Precise clarity with High Definition Optics
PLUTONITE® lens filter out 100% of all UV, even the kind that can wrinkle the delicate skin around your eyes
Impact resistance meets the torturous standards of ANSI Z87.1 for high velocity and high mass impact
Interchangeable lens design that lets you adapt to the light conditions
Oakley Sunglasses are only available in our Corona, California retail store.
OakleyM Frame sunglasses maintain visual clarity in a world ofperformance-sinking distortion. Incorporating HIGH DEFINITION OPTICS®(HDO®) technology, lens geometry comes in five interchangeable lensshapes. The hinged frame offers the comfort of a perfect three-pointfit.
Ordinary sport shields are made by bending flat sheets ina simple curve. M Frame® uses true Polaric Ellipsoid® geometry tocontour the lens in three dimensions for the best possible protectionagainst sun, wind and side impact. This requires XYZ Optics®, atechnology that maintains razor-sharp clarity at all angles of vision.It’s just one of the patented innovations that give you the unbeatableperformance of High Definition Optics® (HDO®).
XYZ Optics maintain razor-sharp clairty
Polaric Ellipsoid geometry contours the lens without distorting
Oakley Sunglasses are only available in our Corona, California retail store.
OakleyM Frame sunglasses maintain visual clarity in a world ofperformance-sinking distortion. Incorporating HIGH DEFINITION OPTICS®(HDO®) technology, lens geometry comes in five interchangeable lensshapes. The hinged frame offers the comfort of a perfect three-pointfit.
Ordinary sport shields are made by bending flat sheets ina simple curve. M Frame® uses true Polaric Ellipsoid® geometry tocontour the lens in three dimensions for the best possible protectionagainst sun, wind and side impact. This requires XYZ Optics®, atechnology that maintains razor-sharp clarity at all angles of vision.It’s just one of the patented innovations that give you the unbeatableperformance of High Definition Optics® (HDO®).
XYZ Optics maintain razor-sharp clairty
Polaric Ellipsoid geometry contours the lens without distorting
Oakley Sunglasses are only available in our Corona, California retail store.
OakleyM Frame sunglasses maintain visual clarity in a world ofperformance-sinking distortion. Incorporating HIGH DEFINITION OPTICS®(HDO®) technology, lens geometry comes in five interchangeable lensshapes. The hinged frame offers the comfort of a perfect three-pointfit.
Ordinary sport shields are made by bending flat sheets ina simple curve. M Frame® uses true Polaric Ellipsoid® geometry tocontour the lens in three dimensions for the best possible protectionagainst sun, wind and side impact. This requires XYZ Optics®, atechnology that maintains razor-sharp clarity at all angles of vision.It’s just one of the patented innovations that give you the unbeatableperformance of High Definition Optics® (HDO®).
XYZ Optics maintain razor-sharp clairty
Polaric Ellipsoid geometry contours the lens without distorting
Oakley goggles are only available at our Corona, California retail store.
Oakley's MX O Goggles offer scratch-resistant Lexan lens that give you a wide-open view of the track and triple-layer face foam that wicks away your sweat. Add to this the competition ready design that includes a non-slip silicone treated strap and a mounting interface for Oakley laminated tearoffs. Whether you bombing down you favorite trail or at the gates before a race the Oakley MX O goggles give you one less thing to worry about, allowing you to see the trail.
Oakley Goggles are only available in our Corona, California retail store.
The culmination of 25 years of goggle technology, Oakley’s CROWBAR® MX offers the protection and performance demanded by the world’s top riders. The lightweight and flexible O MATTER® frame is combined with optically pure LEXAN® to maintain impact protection that meets all ANSI Z87.1 and EN 1938 standards. Clear lenses are enhanced with F3 anti-fog treatment, the optics maximize your range of peripheral and downward view. You can’t stay focused without comfort, so Oakley engineered triple-layer face foam to wick away sweat, and strap outriggers for balanced pressure distribution. And to keep the strap from sliding, we treated it with silicone. This goggle also comes with a removable nose guard and the Oakley 7-pack laminated tearoff system, the most advanced tearoff system on the planet.
An automobile or motor car is a
wheeledmotor
vehicle for
transportingpassengers,
which also carries its own
engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are
designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to
typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the
transport
of people rather than goods.[1]
However, the term "automobile" is far from precise, because there are many types
of vehicles that do similar tasks.
Automobile comes via the
French language, from the
Greek language by combining auto [self] with mobilis [moving];
meaning a vehicle
that moves itself, rather than being pulled or pushed by a separate animal or
another vehicle. The alternative name car is believed to originate from
the Latin word
carrus or carrum [wheeled vehicle], or the
Middle English word carre [cart]
(from
Old North French), and karros; a
Gallicwagon.[2][3]
As of 2002, there were 590 million passenger cars worldwide (roughly one car
per eleven people).[4]
Although
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot is often credited with building the first
self-propelled mechanical vehicle or automobile in about 1769 by adapting an
existing horse-drawn vehicle, this claim is disputed by some, who doubt Cugnot's
three-wheeler ever ran or was stable. Others claim
Ferdinand Verbiest, a member of a
Jesuit mission in China, built the first steam-powered vehicle around 1672
which was of small scale and designed as a toy for the Chinese Emperor that was
unable to carry a driver or a passenger, but quite possibly, was the first
working steam-powered vehicle ('auto-mobile').[5][6]
What is not in doubt is that
Richard Trevithick built and demonstrated his Puffing Devil road
locomotive in 1801, believed by many to be the first demonstration of a
steam-powered road vehicle although it was unable to maintain sufficient steam
pressure for long periods, and would have been of little practical use.
François Isaac de Rivaz, a Swiss inventor, designed the first
internal combustion engine, in 1806, which was fueled by a mixture of
hydrogen
and oxygen and
used it to develop the world's first vehicle, albeit rudimentary, to be powered
by such an engine. The design was not very successful, as was the case with
others such as
Samuel Brown,
Samuel
Morey, and
Etienne Lenoir with his
hippomobile, who each produced vehicles (usually adapted carriages or carts)
powered by clumsy internal combustion engines.[8]
In November 1881 French inventor
Gustave Trouvé demonstrated a working three-wheeled automobile that was
powered by electricity. This was at the International Exhibition of Electricity
in Paris.[9]
An automobile powered by his own
four-stroke cycle gasoline engine was built in
Mannheim,
Germany by
Karl Benz in 1885 and granted a
patent in
January of the following year under the auspices of his major company,
Benz & Cie., which was founded in 1883. It was an
integral design, without the adaptation of other existing components and
including several new technological elements to create a new concept. This is
what made it worthy of a patent. He began to sell his production vehicles in
1888.
Community Action for Sustainable Transport - Draft 18.11.2008
This policy uses some strategies first developed by Motorcycling
Australia.
Background
For trips where public transport, walking and cycling are not good
options people should consider using a two-wheeled motor vehicle (TWMV)
rather than a car.
Switching from a car to a motorcycle, scooter or electric bike is an
easy way for people to reduce congestion, greenhouse emissions and save
money on fuel.
TWMVs make more efficient use of fuel, road space and parking space than
a single occupant car and can play a part in the campaign to reduce
congestion and climate change.
When driven below the speed limit TWMVs also pose less of a safety risk
to other road users than cars, trucks and buses due to their weight.
TWMVs are a more affordable transport option than driving a single
occupant car, and will also help preserve oil reserves for essential
agricultural, medical and transport uses.
All levels of Government should be doing more to encourage people to
switch from their car to TWMVs.
Proposed strategies
More free parking spaces for TWMVs at activity centres and public
transport nodes. Parking must be safe, conveniently located and ensure
pedestrian, wheelchair and cyclist access is not obstructed. Car parks
should be reclaimed for TWMV parking where possible.
Inclusion of two-wheeled motor vehicles in National Road Transport
policies
Reduction in registration fees for TWMVs
Provision of TWMV-only lanes on key arterial roads
Exemption from tolls on tolled roads and infrastructure for TWMVs
Mandatory TWMV parking to be included in the construction plans for new
buildings
Integration of TWMVs into the planning for Public Transport projects,
such as park and ride for bikes.
A national standard that restricts the speed of new TWMVs available for
the general public to 120km/hr
Advertising campaigns to encourage people to switch from a car to a
two-wheeled motor vehicle
Government purchase of electric bicycles for use by employees and
citizens
Fuel efficiency, in its basic sense, is the same as
thermal efficiency, meaning the efficiency of a process that
converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier
fuel into
kinetic energy or
work. Overall fuel efficiency may vary per device, which in turn may
vary per application, and this spectrum of variance is often illustrated
as a continuous
energy profile. Non-transportation applications, such as
industry, benefit from increased fuel efficiency, especially
fossil fuel power plants or industries dealing with combustion, such
as
ammonia production during the
Haber process. The United States Department of Energy and the EPA
maintain a Web site with fuel economy information, including testing
results and frequently asked questions.
In the context of
transportation, "fuel efficiency" more commonly refers to the
energy efficiency of a particular vehicle model, where its
total output (range, or "mileage" [U.S.]) is given as a
ratio of
range units per a unit amount of input fuel (gasoline,
diesel, etc.). This ratio is given in common measures such as "liters
per 100
kilometers" (L/100 km) (common in Europe and Canada or "miles
per gallon"
(mpg)
(prevalent in the USA, UK, and often in Canada, using their respective
gallon measurements) or "kilometres per litre"(kmpl) (prevalent in Asian
countries such as India and Japan). Though the typical output measure is
vehicle range, for certain applications output can also be
measured in terms of weight per range units (freight)
or individual passenger-range (vehicle range / passenger capacity).
This ratio is based on a car's total properties, including its
engine
properties, its body
drag, weight, and
rolling resistance, and as such may vary substantially from the
profile of the engine alone. While the thermal efficiency of
petroleum
engines has improved in recent decades, this does not necessarily
translate into fuel economy of
cars, as people in
developed countries tend to buy bigger and heavier cars (i.e.
SUVs will get less range per unit fuel than an
economy car).
Hybrid vehicle designs use smaller combustion engines as electric
generators to produce greater range per unit fuel than directly powering
the wheels with an engine would, and (proportionally) less
fuel emissions (CO2
grams) than a conventional (combustion engine) vehicle of similar
size and capacity. Energy otherwise wasted in stopping is converted to
electricity and stored in batteries which are then used to drive the
small electric motors. Torque from these motors is very quickly supplied
complementing power from the combustion engine. Fixed cylinder sizes can
thus be designed more efficiently.
"Energy efficiency" is similar to fuel efficiency but the input is
usually in units of energy such as British thermal units (BTU),
megajoules (MJ), gigajoules (GJ), kilocalories (kcal), or kilowatt-hours
(kW·h). The inverse of "energy efficiency" is "energy intensity", or the
amount of input energy required for a unit of output such as
MJ/passenger-km (of passenger transport), BTU/ton-mile (of freight
transport, for long/short/metric tons), GJ/t (for steel production),
BTU/(kW·h) (for electricity generation), or litres/100 km (of vehicle
travel). This last term "litres per 100 km" is also a measure of "fuel
economy" where the input is measured by the amount of fuel and the
output is measured by the
distance travelled. For example:
Fuel economy in automobiles.
Given a heat value of a fuel, it would be trivial to convert from
fuel units (such as litres of gasoline) to energy units (such as MJ) and
conversely. But there are two problems with comparisons made using
energy units:
There are two different heat values for any hydrogen-containing
fuel which can differ by several percent (see below). Which one do
we use for converting fuel to energy?
When comparing transportation energy costs, it must be
remembered that a
kilowatt hour of electric energy may require an amount of fuel
with heating value of 2 or 3 kilowatt hours to produce it.
The specific energy content of a fuel is the heat energy obtained
when a certain quantity is burned (such as a gallon, litre, kilogram).
It is sometimes called the "heat of combustion". There exists two
different values of specific heat energy for the same batch of fuel. One
is the high (or gross) heat of combustion and the other is the low (or
net) heat of combustion. The high value is obtained when, after the
combustion, the water in the "exhaust" is in liquid form. For the low
value, the "exhaust" has all the water in vapor form (steam). Since
water vapor gives up heat energy when it changes from vapor to liquid,
the high value is larger since it includes the latent heat of
vaporization of water. The difference between the high and low values is
significant, about 8 or 9%.
In
thermodynamics, the thermal efficiency ()
is a
dimensionless performance measure of a thermal device such as an
internal combustion engine, a
boiler,
or a
furnace, for example. The input,
,
to the device is
heat, or
the heat-content of a fuel that is consumed. The desired output is
mechanical
work,
,
or heat,
,
or possibly both. Because the input heat normally has a real financial
cost, a memorable, generic definition of thermal efficiency is[1]
When expressed as a percentage, the thermal efficiency must be
between 0% and 100%. Due to inefficiencies such as friction, heat loss,
and other factors, thermal efficiencies are typically much less than
100%. For example, a typical gasoline automobile engine operates at
around 25% thermal efficiency, and a large coal-fueled electrical
generating plant peaks at about 46%.
The largest diesel engine in the world peaks at 51.7%. In a
combined cycle plant, thermal efficiencies are approaching 60%.[2]
The
second law of thermodynamics puts a fundamental limit on the thermal
efficiency of heat engines. Surprisingly[citation
needed], even an ideal, frictionless engine can't
convert anywhere near 100% of its input heat into work. The limiting
factors are the temperature at which the heat enters the engine,
,
and the temperature of the environment into which the engine exhausts
its waste heat,,
measured in the absolute
Kelvin
or
Rankine scale. From
Carnot's theorem, for any engine working between these two
temperatures:
This limiting value is called the Carnot cycle efficiency
because it is the efficiency of an unattainable, ideal, lossless (reversible)
engine cycle called the
Carnot cycle. No heat engine, regardless of its construction, can
exceed this efficiency.
Examples of
are the temperature of hot steam entering the turbine of a steam power
plant, or the temperature at which the fuel burns in an internal
combustion engine.