The Formula Oro K18 hydraulic disc brake set is a strong and reliable hydraulic system that is great on XC bikes thanks to it's sleek and lightweight design. The Oro K18 features the ORO MC (flip-flop design) lever with standard brake lever blades, Zinc plated fasteners, high capacity reservoirs and reach adjustment. They are mated to the 2-piece 22mm pistion calipers with strong poly braided hoses
NOTE: Rotor/adapter sold separately as Hardware Kit. Hose length listed.
ORO Master Cylinder (flip-flop design) with standard lever blade, Zinc plated fasteners, high capacity reservoir and reach adjustment
Poly braided hose
2 piece caliper with 22mm pistons featuring semi-metallic pads
The K24 is a lightweight XC hydraulic brake system that is light enough for XC use but is designed to deliver the stopping power of a DH brakeset. The Oro K24 features a flip-flop lever design with standard lever blades, nickel plated fasteners, high capacity reservoirs and both FCS and reach adjustments.
NOTE: Rotor/adapter sold separately as Hardware Kit
ORO Master Cylinder (flip-flop design) with standard lever blade, nickel plated fasteners, high capacity reservoir and both FCS and reach adjustments
Poly braided hose
2 piece caliper with 22mm pistons featuring semi-metallic pads
Caliper Mount Type: 74mm Post Mount
Disc Mount Type: Formula
Hub/Brake Compatibility: 6-Bolt Disc
Published System Weight: 381g
Intended Use: Mountain
FCS (Feeling Control System) is an adjustment which changes the contact point in the lever stroke (i.e. lever travel). This adjustment gives the rider several advantages; including the ability to select the contact point according to their personal preferences and not some predetermined contact point selected by the engineer. Also, it allows the rider to adjust the both the left and right levers to contact at the same location on each side. We designed the adjuster so that it is tucked away behind the lever blade and out of harms way during crashes.
Formula's THE ONE hydraulic disc brakeset is a lightweight brakeset features a DH Master cylinder with 1 finger lever blade and flip-flop design making these ideal for DH racers and freeriders. CNC'd dials for external reach and contact point adjustments, forged 1-piece calipers with 24mm pistons and a patented piston shape increases caliper fluid volume and reduces fade and pump up all make these strong and reliable DH brakes.
NOTE: Rotor/adapter sold separately as Hardware Kit
DH Master Cylinder with 1 finger lever blade and flip-flop design
CNC'ed dials for external reach and contact point adjustments (FCS)
Forged 1-piece caliper with 24mm pistons
Patented piston shape increases caliper fluid volume and reduces fade and pump up
Jagwire's proven Hyper cable and housing set, in the familiar "Bianchi Green" color. Inner cables are slick stainless type with double-ended fittings so they work on MTBs or Shimano/SRAM equipped road bikes.
L3 liner
Includes cable, housing, ferrules, cable tips, and donuts in quantities to work for both the front and rear brake
The PowerCordz brake cable and housing set features a synthetic fiber construction called Zylon HM or PBO that is designed to stronger than steel and twice as strong as Kevlar, while saving you weight at the same time.
Road Brake Compatible:
Diameter/Length: 1.7mm x 1.7m - Brake Cordz are compatible with all types of 5mm housing and work best when used with high quality alloy ferrules.
Pre-lubed Kevlar Housing
Published Weight: 45g/m - An uncut 1.8m section weighs 72g
Diameter/Length: 5.5mm x 1.8m
Package Includes: 2 ea - 1.75mm Road Brake Cordz
1 ea - Pre-lubed 5mm housing - 1.8m length
8 ea - 6mm lined ferrules
2 ea - 5mm lined ferrules
2 ea - E-Z Bend housing pieces
1 ea - Instruction sheet and sticker
Mountain Brake Compatible
Diameter/Length: 1.7mm x 1.7m - Brake Cordz are compatible with all types of 5mm housing and work best when used with high quality alloy ferrules.
Pre-lubed Kevlar Housing
Published Weight: 45g/m - An uncut 1.8m section weighs 72g
Diameter/Length: 5.5mm x 1.8m
Contains: 2 ea - 1.75mm mtb brake Cordz
1 ea - pre-lubed 5mm housing - 1.8m length
2 ea - 2009 Winsor Clasp - 6mm
2 ea - v-brake noodle
2 ea - v-brake noodle gator
6 ea - 6mm lined ferrules (for most mtn & road frames)
The FTM EXO is a strong trail bike that features a great combination of lightweight, stiffness and performance and keeps you on the trail with it's reliable and efficient Horst Link supensionsystem. The FTM's Exogrid construction combines the characteristics of advanced composites and titanium to make a this a stiff and lightweigh bike.
Patented Exogrid titanium/carbon fiber front triangle
Light Rail System featuring asymmetrical, hydro-formed chainstays
One-piece carbon fiber seatstay with forged and machined dropouts
One-piece, compression molded carbon fiber link
135mm rear wheel travel
Three oversized, sealed main pivot bearings
Fox Float RP23 with three position Pro Pedal, custom tuned
Exogrid is an exciting patented technology (US Pat. No. 6,896,006) that combines the best attributes of advanced composites with those of traditional metals. Exogrid structures start with a base metal (such as titanium or steel) structure that then has a major portion of the surface area removed through advanced techniques, such as laser machining. The resulting lightweight metal shell is then fused (using the company’s patented Bi/Fusion™ Technology) with an advanced composite inner structure molded during a secondary process using elevated temperature and pressure.
Because of the characteristics of the different materials, multi-material Exogrid structures are lighter than their pure metal counterparts and have significantly improved performance in both bending and torsion. Multi-material Exogrid structures also possess unique vibration damping qualities due to the dissimilar natural frequencies of the fiber based composites and base metals.
The El Guapo is nimble all mountain bike, it features a stout construction that gives you 6" of travel to shred the trail and still gives you that ability to climb to the top.
Titus exclusive ATF-formed 6000 series aluminum front triangle
Forged and machined aluminum rocker
155mm of rear wheel travel
1.5” headtube
ISCG tabs
Four oversized sealed main pivot bearings
Fox Float RP23HV with three position Pro Pedal, custom tuned
The Titus X is a smooth bike featuring a classic frame design mated tothe proven Horst Link Suspension system, giving you a bike that eats upbrake bumps, giving you the tops in performance and efficiency.
Exclusive, mechanically-formed, butted 6069 aluminum front triangle
Light Rail System featuring asymmetrical, hydro-formed chainstays; one-piece carbon fiber seatstay with forged and machined dropouts; one-piece compression molded carbon fiber X-Link
105mm of rear wheel travel
Four oversized sealed main pivot bearings
Fox Float RP23 w/ three position Pro Pedal, custom tuned
You already love Surly's Cross Check for its versatility. Now it's available with S & S Machine couplers built right in, making it the ultimate bike for travel. Using the (optional) hard case, the bike can be broken into two pieces, potentially allowing you to escape the large fees airlines charge for a bicycle.
4130 double-butted frame and 1 1/8" threadless fork
Horizontal dropouts with derailleur hanger and suitable braze-ons, so it can easily be built up as a singlespeed, fixed gear, or traditional geared drivetrain
Room to run up to 700 x 45c tires with fenders
Touring? Traveler's check has eyelets for a rear rack
Unique 132.5mm spacing works with either road or MTB hubs
Each frameset includes the coupler wrench and grease needed to assemble/disassemble
Accepts 68mm BB, standard 1 1/8" threadless headset, 28.6mm bottom pull front derailleur, and 27.2mm seatpost
Intense Cycles products can only be shipped to certain countries. You will be notified at checkout if this item cannot be shipped to your country, and it will be removed from your cart. Intense stock colors (Racing Red, Midnight Blue, Pearl White, Stealth Black, Works) are readily available - Jenson USA is only 1 shipping day away from Intense, so we get your new frame to you faster than other retailers. Custom colors are a $125 upcharge and have a lead time of about 3 weeks - please call Jenson USA to check on availability for custom colors.
The 5.5 EVP is designed for all-mountain use - sort of a big brother to Intense's proven Spider cross-country frame. It offers Easton EA 6X 6061 aluminum construction and is designed around a fork in the 100-130mm range. Intense uses custom max type sealed bearings, and a replaceable derailleur hanger for longevity. All in all, this is the one you want for epic rides!
Manufactured in Temecula, California from materials originating in the USA.
Hand welded frame
Easton EA 6X tubing
Intense 6061 CNC'd components
One piece top shock link
Custom max type sealed bearings
Machined to allow for maximum tire clearance
2 year warranty against factory defects
Reduced cost crash replacement program covering frames damaged by accidents is also available to protect your investment in an Intense frame.
Fox RP23 shock for maximum adjustability and tuning
Disc brake only
Weight: 6.5 lbs
Intense 5.5 EVP Geometry
XS
SM
MD
L
Rider Size*
4'8"-5'2"
5'0"-5'8"
5'6"-6'
5'10"-6'4"
Top Tube
21"
21.5"
23"
24"
Head Tube
4"
4"
4.625"
5.25"
Head Angle
70
70
70
70
Seat Tube
12.25"
16.125"
19"
21"
Seat Angle
72
72
72
72
Chainstay
16.8"
16.8"
16.8"
16.8"
BB Height
13.25"
13.25"
13.25"
13.25"
BB Width
73mm
73mm
73mm
73mm
Standover**
29"
29"
30"
32"
Seat Post
31.6mm
31.6mm
31.6mm
31.6mm
Front Derailleur
34.9mm
34.9mm
34.9mm
34.9mm
Headset
1.125"
1.125"
1.125"
1.125"
Wheelbase***
41.25"
41.75"
42.625"
43.5"
*Rider sizing on this chart is for general sizing only, please call or e-mail our Customer Service Dept. for proper fitment. **Standover height measured 6" in front of seat post with an 130mm fork @ 505 mm ride height and 2.25" tires. ***Wheelbase length is measured using: 130mm fork @ 505 mm ride height and 38.1mm offset.
Price: 2059.00
The Remedy Glove by Giro is a a full finger glove that strikes a great balance between protection and comfort, while still allowing yo to feel your controls.
The Fly Racing Kinetic Youth Full Face Helmet offers an incredibly lightweight design, with 10 big vents allowing air to flow through the liner, which cools your head and staves off fatigue so you can focus on the trail in front of you.
Thismight be the best full-face value going! Features a high-impactfiberglass shell with 20 vent holes, adjustable visor, and removable,washable liner. Strap and ring retention.
An automobile or motor car is a
wheeledmotor
vehicle for
transportingpassengers,
which also carries its own
engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are
designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to
typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the
transport
of people rather than goods.[1]
However, the term "automobile" is far from precise, because there are many types
of vehicles that do similar tasks.
Automobile comes via the
French language, from the
Greek language by combining auto [self] with mobilis [moving];
meaning a vehicle
that moves itself, rather than being pulled or pushed by a separate animal or
another vehicle. The alternative name car is believed to originate from
the Latin word
carrus or carrum [wheeled vehicle], or the
Middle English word carre [cart]
(from
Old North French), and karros; a
Gallicwagon.[2][3]
As of 2002, there were 590 million passenger cars worldwide (roughly one car
per eleven people).[4]
Although
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot is often credited with building the first
self-propelled mechanical vehicle or automobile in about 1769 by adapting an
existing horse-drawn vehicle, this claim is disputed by some, who doubt Cugnot's
three-wheeler ever ran or was stable. Others claim
Ferdinand Verbiest, a member of a
Jesuit mission in China, built the first steam-powered vehicle around 1672
which was of small scale and designed as a toy for the Chinese Emperor that was
unable to carry a driver or a passenger, but quite possibly, was the first
working steam-powered vehicle ('auto-mobile').[5][6]
What is not in doubt is that
Richard Trevithick built and demonstrated his Puffing Devil road
locomotive in 1801, believed by many to be the first demonstration of a
steam-powered road vehicle although it was unable to maintain sufficient steam
pressure for long periods, and would have been of little practical use.
François Isaac de Rivaz, a Swiss inventor, designed the first
internal combustion engine, in 1806, which was fueled by a mixture of
hydrogen
and oxygen and
used it to develop the world's first vehicle, albeit rudimentary, to be powered
by such an engine. The design was not very successful, as was the case with
others such as
Samuel Brown,
Samuel
Morey, and
Etienne Lenoir with his
hippomobile, who each produced vehicles (usually adapted carriages or carts)
powered by clumsy internal combustion engines.[8]
In November 1881 French inventor
Gustave Trouvé demonstrated a working three-wheeled automobile that was
powered by electricity. This was at the International Exhibition of Electricity
in Paris.[9]
An automobile powered by his own
four-stroke cycle gasoline engine was built in
Mannheim,
Germany by
Karl Benz in 1885 and granted a
patent in
January of the following year under the auspices of his major company,
Benz & Cie., which was founded in 1883. It was an
integral design, without the adaptation of other existing components and
including several new technological elements to create a new concept. This is
what made it worthy of a patent. He began to sell his production vehicles in
1888.
Community Action for Sustainable Transport - Draft 18.11.2008
This policy uses some strategies first developed by Motorcycling
Australia.
Background
For trips where public transport, walking and cycling are not good
options people should consider using a two-wheeled motor vehicle (TWMV)
rather than a car.
Switching from a car to a motorcycle, scooter or electric bike is an
easy way for people to reduce congestion, greenhouse emissions and save
money on fuel.
TWMVs make more efficient use of fuel, road space and parking space than
a single occupant car and can play a part in the campaign to reduce
congestion and climate change.
When driven below the speed limit TWMVs also pose less of a safety risk
to other road users than cars, trucks and buses due to their weight.
TWMVs are a more affordable transport option than driving a single
occupant car, and will also help preserve oil reserves for essential
agricultural, medical and transport uses.
All levels of Government should be doing more to encourage people to
switch from their car to TWMVs.
Proposed strategies
More free parking spaces for TWMVs at activity centres and public
transport nodes. Parking must be safe, conveniently located and ensure
pedestrian, wheelchair and cyclist access is not obstructed. Car parks
should be reclaimed for TWMV parking where possible.
Inclusion of two-wheeled motor vehicles in National Road Transport
policies
Reduction in registration fees for TWMVs
Provision of TWMV-only lanes on key arterial roads
Exemption from tolls on tolled roads and infrastructure for TWMVs
Mandatory TWMV parking to be included in the construction plans for new
buildings
Integration of TWMVs into the planning for Public Transport projects,
such as park and ride for bikes.
A national standard that restricts the speed of new TWMVs available for
the general public to 120km/hr
Advertising campaigns to encourage people to switch from a car to a
two-wheeled motor vehicle
Government purchase of electric bicycles for use by employees and
citizens
Fuel efficiency, in its basic sense, is the same as
thermal efficiency, meaning the efficiency of a process that
converts chemical potential energy contained in a carrier
fuel into
kinetic energy or
work. Overall fuel efficiency may vary per device, which in turn may
vary per application, and this spectrum of variance is often illustrated
as a continuous
energy profile. Non-transportation applications, such as
industry, benefit from increased fuel efficiency, especially
fossil fuel power plants or industries dealing with combustion, such
as
ammonia production during the
Haber process. The United States Department of Energy and the EPA
maintain a Web site with fuel economy information, including testing
results and frequently asked questions.
In the context of
transportation, "fuel efficiency" more commonly refers to the
energy efficiency of a particular vehicle model, where its
total output (range, or "mileage" [U.S.]) is given as a
ratio of
range units per a unit amount of input fuel (gasoline,
diesel, etc.). This ratio is given in common measures such as "liters
per 100
kilometers" (L/100 km) (common in Europe and Canada or "miles
per gallon"
(mpg)
(prevalent in the USA, UK, and often in Canada, using their respective
gallon measurements) or "kilometres per litre"(kmpl) (prevalent in Asian
countries such as India and Japan). Though the typical output measure is
vehicle range, for certain applications output can also be
measured in terms of weight per range units (freight)
or individual passenger-range (vehicle range / passenger capacity).
This ratio is based on a car's total properties, including its
engine
properties, its body
drag, weight, and
rolling resistance, and as such may vary substantially from the
profile of the engine alone. While the thermal efficiency of
petroleum
engines has improved in recent decades, this does not necessarily
translate into fuel economy of
cars, as people in
developed countries tend to buy bigger and heavier cars (i.e.
SUVs will get less range per unit fuel than an
economy car).
Hybrid vehicle designs use smaller combustion engines as electric
generators to produce greater range per unit fuel than directly powering
the wheels with an engine would, and (proportionally) less
fuel emissions (CO2
grams) than a conventional (combustion engine) vehicle of similar
size and capacity. Energy otherwise wasted in stopping is converted to
electricity and stored in batteries which are then used to drive the
small electric motors. Torque from these motors is very quickly supplied
complementing power from the combustion engine. Fixed cylinder sizes can
thus be designed more efficiently.
"Energy efficiency" is similar to fuel efficiency but the input is
usually in units of energy such as British thermal units (BTU),
megajoules (MJ), gigajoules (GJ), kilocalories (kcal), or kilowatt-hours
(kW·h). The inverse of "energy efficiency" is "energy intensity", or the
amount of input energy required for a unit of output such as
MJ/passenger-km (of passenger transport), BTU/ton-mile (of freight
transport, for long/short/metric tons), GJ/t (for steel production),
BTU/(kW·h) (for electricity generation), or litres/100 km (of vehicle
travel). This last term "litres per 100 km" is also a measure of "fuel
economy" where the input is measured by the amount of fuel and the
output is measured by the
distance travelled. For example:
Fuel economy in automobiles.
Given a heat value of a fuel, it would be trivial to convert from
fuel units (such as litres of gasoline) to energy units (such as MJ) and
conversely. But there are two problems with comparisons made using
energy units:
There are two different heat values for any hydrogen-containing
fuel which can differ by several percent (see below). Which one do
we use for converting fuel to energy?
When comparing transportation energy costs, it must be
remembered that a
kilowatt hour of electric energy may require an amount of fuel
with heating value of 2 or 3 kilowatt hours to produce it.
The specific energy content of a fuel is the heat energy obtained
when a certain quantity is burned (such as a gallon, litre, kilogram).
It is sometimes called the "heat of combustion". There exists two
different values of specific heat energy for the same batch of fuel. One
is the high (or gross) heat of combustion and the other is the low (or
net) heat of combustion. The high value is obtained when, after the
combustion, the water in the "exhaust" is in liquid form. For the low
value, the "exhaust" has all the water in vapor form (steam). Since
water vapor gives up heat energy when it changes from vapor to liquid,
the high value is larger since it includes the latent heat of
vaporization of water. The difference between the high and low values is
significant, about 8 or 9%.
In
thermodynamics, the thermal efficiency ()
is a
dimensionless performance measure of a thermal device such as an
internal combustion engine, a
boiler,
or a
furnace, for example. The input,
,
to the device is
heat, or
the heat-content of a fuel that is consumed. The desired output is
mechanical
work,
,
or heat,
,
or possibly both. Because the input heat normally has a real financial
cost, a memorable, generic definition of thermal efficiency is[1]
When expressed as a percentage, the thermal efficiency must be
between 0% and 100%. Due to inefficiencies such as friction, heat loss,
and other factors, thermal efficiencies are typically much less than
100%. For example, a typical gasoline automobile engine operates at
around 25% thermal efficiency, and a large coal-fueled electrical
generating plant peaks at about 46%.
The largest diesel engine in the world peaks at 51.7%. In a
combined cycle plant, thermal efficiencies are approaching 60%.[2]
The
second law of thermodynamics puts a fundamental limit on the thermal
efficiency of heat engines. Surprisingly[citation
needed], even an ideal, frictionless engine can't
convert anywhere near 100% of its input heat into work. The limiting
factors are the temperature at which the heat enters the engine,
,
and the temperature of the environment into which the engine exhausts
its waste heat,,
measured in the absolute
Kelvin
or
Rankine scale. From
Carnot's theorem, for any engine working between these two
temperatures:
This limiting value is called the Carnot cycle efficiency
because it is the efficiency of an unattainable, ideal, lossless (reversible)
engine cycle called the
Carnot cycle. No heat engine, regardless of its construction, can
exceed this efficiency.
Examples of
are the temperature of hot steam entering the turbine of a steam power
plant, or the temperature at which the fuel burns in an internal
combustion engine.